Sanctions imposed against a New York firm for leaking a document in violation of a protective order in the multidistrict litigation over the Sept. 11 attacks are too closely tied to the merits of the case for an appellate panel to consider tossing them, the Second Circuit has determined.
Law360
Class Action
SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 13, 2025 Law360 iOS App Law360 Android App Follow Law360 on Facebook Follow Law360 on LinkedIn Follow Law360 on Twitter

TOP NEWS

sanctions.png

2nd Circ. Says 9/11 MDL Firm Must Wait To Appeal Sanctions

By Emily Sawicki

Sanctions imposed against a New York firm for leaking a document in violation of a protective order in the multidistrict litigation over the Sept. 11 attacks are too closely tied to the merits of the case for an appellate panel to consider tossing them, the Second Circuit has determined.

Opinion attached | Read full article » | Save to favorites »

Dental Supply Co.'s $84M Price-Fixing Deal Gets Final OK

By Emilie Ruscoe

Dental supply company Dentsply Sirona Inc. and its investors have gotten final approval for an $84 million deal resolving consolidated shareholder class action claims that the company hurt investors by concealing a price-fixing scheme and a distributor's inventory buildup.

2 documents attached | Read full article » | Save to favorites »

Yale New Haven Offers $18M To Settle Data Breach Claims

By Aaron Keller

Yale New Haven Health Services Corp. has offered to create an $18 million global fund to settle what were once multiple lawsuits surrounding a March 8 data breach that affected more than 5 million individuals, according to a motion seeking a Connecticut federal judge's preliminary approval.

Settlement attached | Read full article » | Save to favorites »

EMPLOYMENT & BENEFITS

$8.7 Million Data Breach Deal Gets Preliminary Approval

By Ganesh Setty

A human resources and employee benefits management company moved one step closer to resolving a consolidated, proposed class action over a data breach that affected roughly 580,000 individuals as a California federal court gave preliminary approval to an $8.7 million settlement.

2 documents attached | Read full article » | Save to favorites »

Capital One Unit Can't Nix OT Misclassification Case

By Irene Spezzamonte

A Virginia federal judge ruled that a former Capital One employee can concurrently pursue claims under federal and state overtime laws, adding that the bank made some premature arguments when it tried to toss a suit accusing it of misclassifying learning associates as overtime-exempt.

Opinion attached | Read full article » | Save to favorites »

11th Circ. Seeks Additional Briefing In Mortality Table Suit

By Carolina Bolado

The Eleventh Circuit has requested additional briefing on what the term "actuarial equivalence" meant when the Employee Retirement Income Security Act was enacted in an appeal by married utility company retirees who filed a class suit claiming their pension benefits were lowballed due to outdated mortality tables used in conversions.

Order attached | Read full article » | Save to favorites »

LifePoint Must Face Workers' 401(k) Mismanagement Suit

By Kellie Mejdrich

A Tennessee federal judge refused to toss a proposed class action against LifePoint Health Inc. from participants in the healthcare company's employee 401(k) plan who alleged their retirement savings were dragged down by excessive recordkeeping and administrative fees, concluding allegations were sufficiently backed up to proceed to discovery.

Order attached | Read full article » | Save to favorites »

Philly Police Seek Class Cert. In Emergency OT Pay Suit

By Matthew Santoni

A group of "ranking officers" in the Philadelphia Police Department on Thursday asked a federal judge to certify a class of approximately 230 current and former officers for their lawsuit alleging they weren't informed of their eligibility for overtime pay.

2 documents attached | Read full article » | Save to favorites »

Brief

BofA Wants Quick 4th Circ. Appeal In 401(k) Forfeiture Suit

By P.J. D'Annunzio

Bank of America wants to appeal a North Carolina federal court's denial of its dismissal bid in a proposed class action filed on behalf of 401(k) participants alleging the bank misspent forfeitures from workers' retirement plan.

Motion attached | Read full article » | Save to favorites »

LIFE SCIENCES

Insulin Makers Ask 2nd Circ. To Rethink Collusion Claims

By Matthew Perlman

Sanofi-Aventis US, Eli Lilly & Co., Novo Nordisk Inc. and AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP are asking for a rehearing after a Second Circuit panel revived a proposed class action from safety-net hospitals and clinics accusing the companies of increasing insulin drug costs by agreeing to limit participation in a discount program.

Petition attached | Read full article » | Save to favorites »

SECURITIES

NY Judge Lets Baosheng IPO Suit Proceed But Drops Auditors

By Katryna Perera

A New York federal judge has ruled that investors can move forward with claims that Baosheng Media misled them by failing to disclose an investigation by Chinese authorities ahead of its initial public offering, but found they'd failed to state a claim against the auditor defendants in the suit.

Opinion attached | Read full article » | Save to favorites »

Weedmaps Shouldn't Get To Exit Fraud Suit, Investor Says

By Jonathan Capriel

Weedmaps Technology Inc., a cannabis tech company that was fined by federal regulators for allegedly misleading investors, shouldn't be allowed to escape an investor-led proposed class action, the lead plaintiff has told a California federal court, saying the company's arguments defy common sense and understandings of the word "engage."

2 documents attached | Read full article » | Save to favorites »

Ex-Nikola CEO Seeks To Undo Investor Class In Fraud Case

By Sydney Price

Former Nikola CEO Trevor Milton on Thursday asked an Arizona federal judge to decertify at least part of a class of investors accusing him and the company of exaggerating the viability of Nikola's technology and its business prospects, arguing the lead investors didn't identify and contact class members during discovery.

Motion attached | Read full article » | Save to favorites »

Luminar Must Face Investor Suit Over Image Rip-Off Claims

By Sydney Price

Autonomous vehicle technology company Luminar Semiconductor Inc. cannot escape the latest version of a proposed investor class action alleging that it passed off an image of a competitor's technology as its own after a Florida federal judge found that the amended suit now sufficiently pleads that the company made material misrepresentations.

Order attached | Read full article » | Save to favorites »

COMPETITION

Execs Seek Exit From Predatory Loan Suit Naming Tribal Biz

By Joyce Hanson

Company executives accused of operating a predatory lending scheme involving the Crow Creek Sioux Tribe have asked a California federal judge to strike class allegations against them and send the suit to arbitration, saying the lead plaintiff waived his right to bring class actions in his loan agreement.

2 documents attached | Read full article » | Save to favorites »

PRODUCT LIABILITY

Mich. Judge Greenlights Fiat Chrysler Engine Fire Settlement

By Mike Curley

A Michigan federal judge on Thursday granted preliminary approval to a settlement between drivers and FCA US LLC to resolve claims that the automaker sold trucks with an engine defect that could cause fires.

Order attached | Read full article » | Save to favorites »

6th Circ. Backs Toss Of Suit Over Alleged Jif Contamination

By Emily Field

A Sixth Circuit panel affirmed a lower court win for J.M. Smucker Co. on Wednesday, saying customers in a proposed class action over a Jif peanut butter recall lacked proof that their specific items were contaminated with salmonella bacteria.

Opinion attached | Read full article » | Save to favorites »

CYBERSECURITY & PRIVACY

Users Accuse Encyclopaedia Britannica Of Privacy Invasion

By Joyce Hanson

Encyclopaedia Britannica website users have sued the digital reference platform in federal court on claims that it violates the California Invasion of Privacy Act by closely tracking their online activity and selling that information to third parties, including Facebook.

Complaint attached | Read full article » | Save to favorites »

Disney Flouts Privacy Law By Exploiting User Data, Suit Says

By Gina Kim

The Walt Disney Co. is flouting privacy laws by illegally gathering and sharing with Google personal information of individuals who visit its website for data monetization and advertising purposes, without their knowledge or consent, according to a proposed class action filed in California federal court.

Complaint attached | Read full article » | Save to favorites »

CONSUMER PROTECTION

Audible Credit Suit Raises Question On Wash. Gift Card Law

By Rachel Riley

A federal judge in Seattle has floated asking Washington's high court to clarify the scope of the Evergreen State's gift card law, suggesting on Thursday that a consumer suit over expiring Audible credits hinges on whether the statute only covers instruments with monetary value.  

2 documents attached | Read full article » | Save to favorites »

IP & TECHNOLOGY

Google's 'Failure To Communicate' In AI Fight Irks IP Judge

By Dorothy Atkins

A California magistrate judge presiding over discovery in a proposed class action alleging Google's artificial-intelligence training models infringed artists' copyrights on Thursday refused, for now, to appoint a special master after plaintiffs accused Google of delaying data production by months, but she expressed frustrations with Google counsel's "failure to communicate."

Motion attached | Read full article » | Save to favorites »

ENERGY & ENVIRONMENTAL

Energy Giants Largely Defeat Climate Change RICO Suit

By Hailey Konnath

A Puerto Rico federal judge on Thursday mostly threw out, for good, racketeering and antitrust claims accusing a slew of energy industry companies of misrepresenting the climate dangers of fossil fuel products in causing a pair of hurricanes, though she declined to throw out some of the claims with prejudice.

Order attached | Read full article » | Save to favorites »

BANKING

BofA Still Can't Block Exec Depositions In COVID Fraud MDL

By Hailey Konnath

A California federal judge has refused to rethink his earlier order requiring Bank of America NA's CEO and former chief operating officer to sit for depositions in multidistrict litigation over alleged security failures at the bank during the COVID-19 pandemic, ruling the bank hasn't shown he erred.

Order attached | Read full article » | Save to favorites »

Sudanese 'Can't Prove' BNP Bankrolled Dictator, Jury Told

By Pete Brush

French banking giant BNP Paribas told a Manhattan federal jury on Thursday that three plaintiffs who fled Sudan amid horrific human rights abuses, later to become U.S. citizens, "can't prove" it contributed to former Islamist dictator Omar al-Bashir's killing and destruction.

3 documents attached | Read full article » | Save to favorites »

BANKRUPTCY

3rd Circ. Won't Toss Talc Co. Whittaker Clark & Daniels' Ch. 11

By Emily Lever

Defunct talc supplier Whittaker Clark & Daniels properly filed for Chapter 11 protection in 2023 and its bankruptcy case should not be dismissed, the Third Circuit has ruled, siding against talc claimants who argued the company already being in receivership precluded it from filing for bankruptcy.

Opinion attached | Read full article » | Save to favorites »

Colo. Judge Says $1.5M Damages Request May Be 'Piling On'

By Zach Dupont

A Colorado federal judge was skeptical Thursday to award a $1.5 million default judgment against the owner of a now-defunct metal fabrication and construction company who was accused by former employees in a class action of failing to pay wages in the months before the business filed for bankruptcy.

Read full article » | Save to favorites »

COMPLIANCE

Moelis Says Pact Spurring Del. Corp. Law Rework Is Lawful

By Jeff Montgomery

Attorneys for Moelis & Co. have told Delaware's justices that a stockholder agreement that solidified Ken Moelis' control of the investment bank was either valid or lawfully obtainable by other means before the Court of Chancery struck it down last year, with time to challenge key provisions long since expired.

Brief attached | Read full article » | Save to favorites »

EXPERT ANALYSIS

FDA Transparency Plans Raise Investor Disclosure Red Flags

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration’s recently announced intent to publish complete response letters for unapproved drugs and devices implicates certain investor disclosure requirements under securities laws, making it necessary for life sciences and biotech companies to adopt robust controls going forward, say attorneys at Arnold & Porter.

Read full article » | Save to favorites »

Series

Being A Professional Wrestler Makes Me A Better Lawyer

Pursuing my childhood dream of being a professional wrestler has taught me important legal career lessons about communication, adaptability, oral advocacy and professionalism, says Christopher Freiberg at Midwest Disability.

Read full article » | Save to favorites »

LEGAL INDUSTRY

Analysis

When The Supreme Court Says Using Race Is OK

By Marco Poggio

The U.S. Supreme Court is allowing government agencies to expressly use race in furthering their immigration enforcement goals, while prohibiting the use of race as even one of the factors to consider in college admissions. Some legal scholars see a double standard.

Order attached | Read full article » | Save to favorites »

Quinn Emanuel's $30M Fee Bid Flouts Ch. 11, Co. Says

By Julie Manganis

Israeli printed circuit maker Nano Dimension has told a Massachusetts federal judge that Quinn Emanuel Urquhart & Sullivan LLP can't claim a $30 million attorney's lien to make an "end run" around the bankruptcy of 3D printing company Desktop Metal, a former client that Nano acquired.

Memorandum attached | Read full article » | Save to favorites »

Hagens Berman Doubles Down On AI-Tainted Brief Correction

By Adrian Cruz

Hagens Berman Sobol Shapiro LLP said that the firm has an ethical duty to correct briefs tainted by artificial intelligence errors and that the corrected versions shouldn't be stricken from a proposed class action against online platform OnlyFans' parent company.

Brief attached | Read full article » | Save to favorites »

Calif. Bill Blocking Fee Sharing With ABS Firms Heads To Gov.

By Emily Sawicki

A bill heading to California Gov. Gavin Newsom's desk is poised to tighten rules to restrict alternative business structure law firms from operating in the Golden State by blocking lawyers from sharing fees with out-of-state firms owned by non-lawyers.

Bill attached | Read full article » | Save to favorites »

Analysis

Appeals Courts Rethink Harsh Youth Sentences, Search Rules

By Brandon Lowrey

State appellate courts across the country have issued major criminal law opinions this year, softening some of the harshest sentences for young defendants while shifting rules for searches and evidence collection.

Read full article » | Save to favorites »

NYC Eviction Counsel Program Struggles To Meet Its Goals

By Andrea Keckley

More than half the households eligible for New York City's Right to Counsel program are not receiving legal representation in eviction cases, with representation rates peaking at just over half the qualified tenants in 2022 before falling to roughly one-third of citywide tenants in 2024, according to a report.

Read full article » | Save to favorites »

Analysis

New Guidance Hacks Away At Immigration Judges' Powers

By Britain Eakin

A steady stream of Board of Immigration Appeals decisions and Executive Office for Immigration Review memos, capped by recent guidance on handling constitutional claims, shows a Trump administration reining in immigration judges overseeing removal cases.

1 document attached | Read full article » | Save to favorites »

Analysis

Mich. AG's Loss Spells Trouble For Other Fake Elector Cases

By Carolyn Muyskens

The dismissal of charges against Michigan Republicans who participated in the so-called fake elector plot after the 2020 presidential election shows that establishing intent could be a hurdle for prosecutors as they pursue similar cases in other states, legal experts said.

Read full article » | Save to favorites »

'Tyrant' Indiana Judge Ousted Over Misconduct

By Lynn LaRowe

An Indiana superior court judge who "wielded his position of power like a tyrant" during his three years on the bench has been permanently barred from judicial service by the state's Supreme Court.

Opinion attached | Read full article » | Save to favorites »

Analysis

Fresh Angles On Display In ERISA Summer Filing Uptick

By Kellie Mejdrich

Attorneys dealing with a rise in Employee Retirement Income Security Act cases are paying close attention to a handful of recent suits with allegations that put a twist on traditional benefits disputes. Here, Law360 looks at three cases with fresh angles that lawyers are keeping an eye on.

3 documents attached | Read full article » | Save to favorites »

Roundup

UK Litigation Roundup: Here's What You Missed In London

By Laura Stewart Liberty

This past week in London has seen former Master Chef presenter Gregg Wallace sue the BBC, Elon Musk's xAI take legal action against a staff engineer, and fashion mogul Kevin-Gerald Stanford file a fresh claim against Lion Capital-owned Klotho and EY amid a long-running All Saints share acquisition dispute.

Read full article » | Save to favorites »

GC Cheat Sheet: The Hottest Corporate News Of The Week

By Sue Reisinger

The federal government has accused Uber Technologies Inc. of discriminating against riders with disabilities, including individuals traveling with service animals or using stowable wheelchairs. Meanwhile, a new Law360 analysis shows that male lawyers still hold nearly three times as many equity partner roles as women do.

Read full article » | Save to favorites »

Law360's Legal Lions Of The Week

By Kevin Penton

Kaplan Martin LLP leads this week's edition of Law360 Legal Lions, after the Second Circuit upheld an $83.3 million award against President Donald Trump for defaming writer E. Jean Carroll in 2019 in the wake of her sexual assault allegations, rejecting his claims of presidential immunity.

Read full article » | Save to favorites »

In Case You Missed It: Hottest Firms And Stories On Law360

For those who missed out, here's a look back at the law firms, stories and expert analyses that generated the most buzz on Law360 last week.

Read full article » | Save to favorites »

Promo that reads 2025 Regional Powerhouses Promo that reads Meet Law360’s Newest Section: Criminal Practice with a photo of a bronze Lady Justice statue in the foreground and gavel in the background

LAW FIRMS IN TODAY'S NEWS

A&O Shearman

Adsuar Muniz

Alston & Bird

Altshuler Berzon

AndersonDodson

Arnold & Porter

Aurelian Law PLLC

Austin & Sparks

Bailey & Glasser

Baker & Hostetler

Ballard Spahr

Barrack Rodos

Berger Montague

Birketts LLP

Bleichmar Fonti

Block & Leviton

Bullotta Law

Butler Curwood

CMS Cameron McKenna

Cafferty Clobes

Caplin & Drysdale

Capozzi Adler PC

Capsticks Solicitors LLP

Casellas Alcover

Choate Hall

Cleary Gottlieb

Clement & Murphy

Clyde & Co

Cohen Milstein

Cole Schotz

Cooley LLP

Cotchett Pitre

Cozen O'Connor

Cyrus D. Mehta & Partners

DLA Piper

Dann Law Firm

Davis Polk

Davis Wright Tremaine

Debevoise & Plimpton

Dentons

DiCello Levitt

Dorsey & Whitney

Dovel & Luner

Duane Morris

Dykema

Elarbee Thompson

Essex Richards

Estrella LLC

Faruqi & Faruqi

Federman & Sherwood

Fenwick & West

Ferraiuoli LLC

Freeths LLP

Freshfields

FryeLaw

Gateley PLC

Geldards

Gibbons PC

Gibbs Mura

Gibson Dunn

Goldman Antonetti

Goldshaw Greenblatt

Goodwin Procter

Gordon Rees

GrayRobinson

Greenberg Traurig

HWG LLP

Haffner Law PC

Hagens Berman

Harter Secrest

Hatch Law Group

Hausfeld LLP

Hecht Partners

Hill Dickinson

Hogan Lovells

Holland & Knight

Holman Fenwick

Indiano & Williams

JMW Solicitors LLP

Jones Day

Joseph & Hall

Keker Van Nest & Peters

Keller Rohrback

Kellogg Hansen

Kennedys Law LLP

King & Spalding

King & Wood Mallesons

Kirkland & Ellis

Klein Thomas

Kleinberg Kaplan

Kobre & Kim

Kopelowitz Ostrow

Kreindler & Kreindler

Kurzban Kurzban

Labaton Keller

Latham & Watkins

Law Offices of Ross Cornell

Lewis Silkin

Lockridge Grindal

Lofton & Lofton

Manatt Phelps

Mandavia Ephraim

Martin LLP

Matthew G. Miller PC

Mayer Brown

McConnell Valdes

McGuireWoods

Meritz Reddy

Meyers Nave

Milberg Coleman

Mishcon de Reya

Morell Cartagena

Morgan Lewis

Morris Nichols

Morrow Ni

Morvillo Abramowitz

Muckle LLP

Nabarro LLP

Nathan & Associates

Norton Rose

Olshan Frome

Orrick Herrington

Osborne Clarke

O’Neill & Borges

Paul Weiss

Pomerantz LLP

Powell Gilbert

Proskauer Rose

Quinn Emanuel

Reynolds Porter

Richards Layton

Robins Kaplan

Rosen Law Firm PA

Roth Jackson

Sanford Heisler

Saxena White

Schlesinger Law Offices

Schlichter Bogard

Scott Gilmore

Shakespeare Martineau

Sheppard Mullin

Sherman Silverstein

Shoosmiths LLP

Sidley Austin

Skadden Arps

Smouse & Mason

Squire Patton

Stephan Zouras

Stephenson Harwood

Steptoe LLP

Stradley Ronon

Stris & Maher

Susman Godfrey

Taylor Wessing

Timoney Knox

Troutman

Trowers & Hamlins

Tycko & Zavareei

Voyles Vaiana

Wachtell Lipton

Wallin Hester

West Webb Allbritton & Gentry

White & Case

Willkie Farr

WilmerHale

Wilson Sonsini

Winstead PC

Winston & Strawn

Wolf Haldenstein

Zuckerman Spaeder

COMPANIES IN TODAY'S NEWS

ABP Corp.

AECOM

ASUSTeK Computer Inc.

AXA SA

AXA XL Ltd.

Alliance Airlines

Alphabet Inc.

Amazon.com Inc.

American International Group Inc.

American Petroleum Institute Inc.

American Property Casualty Insurance Association

Anthropic PBC

Arconic Corp.

AstraZeneca PLC

Audible Inc.

BHP Group PLC

BNP Paribas SA

BP PLC

Bank of America Corp.

Benco Dental Supply Co. Inc.

Blue Cross Blue Shield Association

Blue Cross Blue Shield of Michigan Inc.

Bouygues

Brennan Center for Justice

Brenntag AG

British Broadcasting Corp.

Business Roundtable

CVS Health Corp.

California Chamber of Commerce

Central Virginia Health Services

Chevron Corp.

Church's Chicken

ConocoPhillips Co.

Consumer Attorneys of California

Consumer Watchdog

CureVac AG

DENSO Corp.

DENTSPLY International Inc.

Dentsply Sirona Inc.

Desktop Metal Inc.

Drummond

EchoStar Corp.

Eli Lilly & Co.

Empower Annuity Insurance Co. of America

Encyclopaedia Britannica Inc.

Ernst & Young LLP

Exxon Mobil Corp.

FCA US LLC

FedEx Corp.

Fidelis Inc.

General Motors Co.

Google LLC

Henry Schein Inc.

Hewlett Packard Enterprise Co.

HgCapital LLP

Holiday Companies

Huawei Technologies Co. Ltd.

ITC Ltd.

Illumina Inc.

Infinity Equity

Instagram Inc.

Juniper Networks Inc.

Lambda Legal Defense & Educational Fund

Liberty Mutual Insurance Group

LifePoint Health Inc.

Lion Capital LLP

Luminar Technologies Inc.

MS Amlin PLC

McDonald's Corp.

Meta Platforms Inc.

Miami Herald Media Co.

Moelis & Co.

Mosaic

Motiva Enterprises LLC

Munchkin Inc.

Nikola Corp.

Novo Nordisk A S

Occidental Petroleum Corp.

Ohio State University

OpenAI OpCo LLC

Patterson Companies Inc.

Pfizer Inc.

Phillips 66

RELX PLC

Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc.

Regents of the University of California

Rio Tinto Group

Sanofi

Shell PLC

Snap Inc.

Space Exploration Technologies Corp.

Stanford University

State Bar of California

Taboola Ltd.

Target Health Inc.

Tesla Inc.

The Goldman Sachs Group Inc.

The J. M. Smucker Co.

The Legal Aid Society

The Southern Co. Inc.

The Walt Disney Co.

TikTok Inc.

Trader Joe's Co.

Twitter Inc.

UCLA School of Law

Uber Technologies Inc.

University of California Davis

WSP Global Inc.

WSP Holdings Ltd.

Weedmaps

World Wrestling Entertainment Inc.

X Corp.

Xiaomi Corp.

Yahoo Inc.

Yale New Haven Health

comScore Inc.

GOVERNMENT AGENCIES IN TODAY'S NEWS

California Labor and Workforce Development Agency

Companies House

Crow Creek Sioux Tribe

Delaware Court of Chancery

Executive Office for Immigration Review

Federal Trade Commission

Food and Drug Administration

Georgia Court of Appeals

Illinois Supreme Court

Indiana Supreme Court

Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court

Michigan Supreme Court

New Jersey Supreme Court

New York City Human Resources Administration

Pennsylvania Supreme Court

Supreme Court of Nevada

The Crown Prosecution Service

U.S. Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit

U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit

U.S. Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit

U.S. Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit

U.S. Department of Defense

U.S. Department of Health and Human Services

U.S. Department of Homeland Security

U.S. Department of Justice

U.S. Department of Labor

U.S. District & Bankruptcy Courts of Southern District of Texas

U.S. District Court for the Central District of California

U.S. District Court for the District of Arizona

U.S. District Court for the District of Connecticut

U.S. District Court for the District of Massachusetts

U.S. District Court for the District of New Jersey

U.S. District Court for the District of Puerto Rico

U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Michigan

U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of New York

U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania

U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia

U.S. District Court for the Middle District of Florida

U.S. District Court for the Middle District of Tennessee

U.S. District Court for the Northern District of California

U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Illinois

U.S. District Court for the Southern District of California

U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York

U.S. District Court for the Western District of Washington

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement

U.S. Patent and Trademark Office

U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission

U.S. Supreme Court

UK High Court

United States District Court for the District of Colorado